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Production method of fatty alcohol
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2024-04-28
1. High pressure hydrogenation method
Fatty alcohols are obtained from animal and vegetable oils and fats by high-pressure hydrogenation. In industry, raw oils and fats are converted into fatty acids by pretreatment, alcoholysis (I. e., transesterification) and then hydrogenated. Fatty acids can also be hydrogenated directly or esterified to form alcohols. Direct hydrogenation of fatty acids to fatty alcohols requires high equipment materials.
Fatty acid hydrogenation of fatty alcohol chemical reaction:
RCOOH 2H2—→RCH2OH H2O
Fatty acid ester hydrogenation of fatty alcohol chemical reaction:
RCOOR′ 2H2—→RCH2OH R′OH
High pressure hydrogenation method has fixed bed method and suspended bed method, but its basic process is the same.
2. Ziegler method
Using ethylene as raw material and trialkyl aluminum, aluminum alcohol compounds are prepared by chain growth and oxidation, and then fatty alcohols are prepared by hydrolysis, neutralization and fractionation. Created by K. Ziegler in 1954, it was first put into production by Continental Oil Company in 1962. The product is straight-chain carbon alcohol. The main reaction of this production method has the following steps:
Triethylaluminum preparation (hydrogenation and addition reaction):
Al H2 2Al(C2H5)3-→3Al(C2H5)2H
3Al(C2H5)2H 3C2H4-→ 3Al(C2H5)3
Aluminum alkyl preparation (chain growth reaction):
Al(C2H5)3 3nC2H4--→R3Al
Aluminum alcoholate preparation (oxidation reaction):
R3Al O2--→Al(OR)3
Fatty alcohol preparation (hydrolysis reaction):
Al(OR)3 H2SO4 -- → Al2(SO4)3 3ROH or
Al(OR)3 H2O--→Al2O3 3ROH
3. Carbonyl synthesis
Aldehydes are synthesized from olefins, carbon monoxide and hydrogen over a catalyst and under pressure. The number of atoms of the aldehyde is one carbon more than the starting olefin. Aldehydes are hydrogenated to produce fatty alcohols. The alkene hydroformylation reaction (OXO reaction) was discovered by the German chemist O. Leren in 1938.
The OXO reaction is as follows:
hydroformylation (formaldehyde or hydroformylation) reaction
Key words:
alcohol ether AEO-9 alcohol ether AEO-3 C10 alcohol (decanol) C8 alcohol (octanol) C14 alcohol C18 alcohol (stearyl alcohol)
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Fatty alcohols are aliphatic alcohols having a chain of 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Fatty alcohols typically have an even number of carbon atoms and one hydroxyl group attached to the end of the carbon chain.
One of the raw materials for detergent surfactants. The general formula is ROH. R of the detergent alcohol is generally a C12 to C18 hydrocarbon group. Such a high carbon fatty alcohol has an amphiphilic character, I .e., a hydrophobic group such as a hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic group such as a hydroxyl group in the molecule. However, due to the solubility in water is very low, it is necessary to add hydrophilic groups or convert hydroxyl groups into sulfuric acid groups, so that after the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value reaches the necessary value, the fatty alcohol derivative has enough hydrophilic groups to dissolve in water, and can become aggregates (micelles), the fatty alcohol derivative is the surfactant. For example, dodecanol is insoluble in water, but when it is changed into sodium lauryl sulfate, due to the addition of a sulfate group (-SO3-), the water solubility becomes better, and micelles can be formed in water, reaching a certain concentration, showing very good surface activity.
It is the use of this characteristic, fatty alcohol as raw material, produced a variety of surfactants with various excellent properties.
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