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What is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (AES)

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2024-05-14

An article to read fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (AES)
Structure of 1. AES
AES is the abbreviation of the anionic surfactant fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate. It is a modified product of non-ionic surfactant fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) which is sulfated by sulfating agent and then neutralized by alkaline neutralizing agent. Its molecular structure has oxyethylene groups and sulfated groups, and has the properties of nonionic and anionic surfactants. Has a strong wetting, dispersing, emulsifying and detergency; has a very good resistance to hard water and biodegradability; foaming power is rich, and the skin irritation is small, the use of mild, transparent and stable solution.

Name: Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate
Molecular formula: RO(CH2CH2O)n-SO3Na(n = 2 or 3,R is 12~15 alkyl)
The following structure is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate


Preparation of 2. AES
Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) is a kind of anionic surfactant obtained by sulfating and neutralizing fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) as raw material.
The preparation of AES is divided into two steps: sulfation and neutralization:


2.1 sulfation
2.1.1 Reaction mechanism
The reaction mechanism of AEO and SO3 sulfation may be that AEO reacts with 2 molecules of SO3 to form an unstable intermediate, which then reacts with AEO molecules to generate fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, as follows:

Figure 2:AEO sulfation reaction mechanism
The typical sulfation conditions of AEO are: SO3 inlet temperature is about 45 ℃, sulfonator circulating cooling water temperature is 30~35 ℃,SO3/AEO molar ratio is 1.01~1.02, and SO3 gas concentration is 2.5~3.5. 2.2 neutralization of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is unstable, long-term storage will make the product decomposition and color deepening, need to immediately neutralize, to prevent decomposition and increase in dioxane content, neutralization temperature 45 ℃ ~ 50 ℃, to prevent the neutralization of the product back to acid and decomposition.

Key words:

alcohol ether AEO-9 alcohol ether AEO-3 C10 alcohol (decanol) C8 alcohol (octanol) C14 alcohol C18 alcohol (stearyl alcohol)

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What are fatty alcohols

Fatty alcohols are aliphatic alcohols having a chain of 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Fatty alcohols typically have an even number of carbon atoms and one hydroxyl group attached to the end of the carbon chain. One of the raw materials for detergent surfactants. The general formula is ROH. R of the detergent alcohol is generally a C12 to C18 hydrocarbon group. Such a high carbon fatty alcohol has an amphiphilic character, I .e., a hydrophobic group such as a hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic group such as a hydroxyl group in the molecule. However, due to the solubility in water is very low, it is necessary to add hydrophilic groups or convert hydroxyl groups into sulfuric acid groups, so that after the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value reaches the necessary value, the fatty alcohol derivative has enough hydrophilic groups to dissolve in water, and can become aggregates (micelles), the fatty alcohol derivative is the surfactant. For example, dodecanol is insoluble in water, but when it is changed into sodium lauryl sulfate, due to the addition of a sulfate group (-SO3-), the water solubility becomes better, and micelles can be formed in water, reaching a certain concentration, showing very good surface activity. It is the use of this characteristic, fatty alcohol as raw material, produced a variety of surfactants with various excellent properties.

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